Skin Cancer Overview
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the skin cells. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Early detection and treatment are key in managing skin cancer. If caught early, most types of skin cancer can be treated successfully.
Causes and Risk Factors:
UV Radiation: The most significant cause of skin cancer is overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources (like tanning beds). UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, which can lead to cancer.
Fair Skin: People with lighter skin are at higher risk, as they have less melanin to protect against UV damage.
Family History: Having a family history of skin cancer increases your risk.
Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immune systems (eg, those on immunosuppressive drugs) are more likely to develop skin cancer.
Age: The risk of skin cancer increases as people get older, though it can occur at any age.
Sunburns: Severe sunburns, especially during childhood, significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life.
Symptoms:
A new growth or a change in an existing mole, such as:
Irregular edges, multiple colors, or an uneven shape (especially in the case of melanoma).
Bleeding, itching, or crusting on an existing mole or spot.
A red, scaly patch that may crust or bleed (especially in SCC).
A pearly, translucent bump (especially in BCC).
Treatment:
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Surgical Removal: The most common treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers is surgically removing the tumor.
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Radiation Therapy: Used when surgery is not an option or for cancers that have spread.
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Topical Treatments: Certain creams or ointments can be used to treat precancerous cells or superficial skin cancers.
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Chemotherapy: For more advanced skin cancers, chemotherapy or immunotherapy may be used.
Prevention:
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Sun Protection: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, and avoid excessive sun exposure, especially between 10 am and 4 pm
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Avoid Tanning Beds: Tanning beds emit harmful UV radiation, which increases the risk of developing skin cancer.
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Regular Skin Checks: Perform self-exams to check for any changes in your skin
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Skin exams by a dermatologist